Material Family

Commercially Pure Titanium (Alpha Alloy, Unalloyed)

The standard, ductile grade of pure titanium bar stock.

Common Forms (Bar)

Hot Rolled, Forged, or Cold Finished Rounds, Hexagons, Squares, Rectangles. Also as Forging Billet.

Available in a wide range of diameters and cross-sections for machining and forging.

Chemical Composition (Typical wt.%)

Ti: Balance (≥ 98.9)
O (Oxygen): ≤ 0.25
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.30
C (Carbon): ≤ 0.08
N (Nitrogen): ≤ 0.03
H (Hydrogen): ≤ 0.015

Interstitial elements (O, Fe) directly control strength and ductility. Grade 2 has a balanced level for optimal properties.

Mechanical Properties (Annealed, Room Temp)

Tensile Strength (Rm): 345 - 483 MPa min
Yield Strength (Rp0.2): 275 - 414 MPa min
Elongation (A): 20% min
Hardness: ~120-150 HB

Lower strength than alloyed grades but with superior ductility. Excellent for cold heading and forming.

Physical Properties

Density: 4.51 g/cm³
Melting Point: ~1660 °C
Service Temperature: Up to ~300°C (570°F) for continuous service in non-creep applications.

~45% lighter than steel and ~60% heavier than aluminum, with excellent specific strength.

Key Corrosion Resistance

• Exceptional resistance to chlorides, seawater, and brine, immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking (Cl-SCC).
• Excellent resistance to oxidizing environments (e.g., nitric acid, chromic acid).
• Good resistance to weak reducing acids and alkalis.

•  Poor resistance to reducing acids (e.g., non-aerated HCl, H₂SO₄) without inhibitors or oxidants.

Its resistance to seawater and wet chlorine is legendary, surpassing stainless steels and copper alloys.

Key Standards (Bar)

ASTM B348 / ASME SB-348 (Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets - Grade 2), AMS 4921 (Aerospace)

ASTM B348 is the primary specification for bar and billet products.

Common Sizes & Conditions

Diameter/Thickness: 5mm (0.2") up to 300mm (12")+ for hot rolled/forged.
Condition: Hot Rolled, Annealed, or Cold Finished (Turned & Polished). Available in various surface finishes.

Cold finished bar offers excellent surface quality and tight tolerances for precision machining.

Machinability & Fabrication

Machinability Rating: ~70% (relative to 100% for free-machining brass). Good machinability but gummy; requires sharp tools, positive rake angles, high speeds, and low feeds with ample coolant.
Weldability: Excellent. Can be welded using all common techniques (GTAW, laser) without post-weld heat treatment.

Ease of fabrication is a major advantage, enabling complex, lightweight designs.

Typical Bar Applications

• Marine & Offshore: Fasteners (bolts, nuts), fittings, valve components, pump parts for seawater systems.
• Chemical Processing: Stirrers, spindles, brackets, bolts for chloride/oxidizer service.
• Medical: Surgical implant stock (bone screws, plates), instrument components.
• Architecture & Consumer: Decorative and structural fasteners, sporting goods.
• Aerospace: Non-critical structural fasteners, brackets.

The go-to bar material for machining corrosion-resistant, lightweight parts where stainless steel fails.